Vein Function and Venous Insufficiency

Veins are part of a complex cardiovascular network that help the heart pump blood through our bodies. Veins are shaped like tubes with valves that help return blood to the heart, after it has been distributed to our organs and extremities by the arteries. Skeletal muscles assist the veins and the arteries with this process.

When the valves inside the vein are shut off or stop working, blood in those veins cannot reach the heart. This is a condition called venous insufficiency. Blood begins to pool in the vein instead of being pumped back to the heart. Venous insufficiency can result in varicose veins, phlebitis (an inflammation of the vein) and blood clots called deep vein thrombosis. Chronic venous insufficiency can result in leg ulcers, also known as venous stasis ulcers. These are serious, because ulcers can compromise the function of the cardiovascular system and affect the quality of life.

People with venous insufficiency may experience symptoms such as heavy, hot or tired legs; cramping or fatigue in their calves; swollen ankles; or varicose veins, which are very common.

Varicose veins are veins that are overfilled with blood that appear to bulge or twist. The blood in the veins is essentially backed up, causing pain, a feeling of heaviness or feeling tired in the leg, among other symptoms. Not only are varicose veins unsightly and embarrassing, they are non-functioning and can pose a real health risk if the underlying circulatory problem isn't treated.